Archaeological Importance of Upper Mustang: The Mud Kingdom of Nepal

Abstract

Upper Mustang, the forbidden kingdom of Nepal has a virgin Tibetan culture, has more than 10,000 man-made caves and stupas, and various archaeological sites dating back up to 3,000 years. Unique paintings, sculptures, manuscripts, and three-millennia-old human remains have been found in these areas. The study shows that these caves were used for shelter and meditation. It has a unique history, culture, language, people, and landscape. Without knowing the Upper Mustang, we cannot know the historical reality of Nepal. This article discusses the people and culture, archaeological importance, Caves, and other historical places of upper Mustang based on fieldwork and secondary sources of data.